INSPIREE: Indonesian Sport Innovation Review
INSPIREE: Indonesian Sport Innovation Review Journal Information • Indexing • Publication Schedule • Citation Profiles Item Details Cover Journal Title INSPIREE: Indonesian Sport Innovation Review Subject / Scope Physical education • Sport science • Sport medicine and health • Sport management • Sports nutrition • Sports history Abbreviation INSPIREE JOURNAL Publisher INSPIRETECH GLOBAL INSIGHT & DPE Universitas Pahlawan Language English (Preferred) Frequency 3 issues/year: January 27 • May 27 • September 27 DOI Prefix 10.53905/inspiree by Crossref ISSN 2746-6965 (Online) | 2774-2520 (Print) Chief Editor Assoc. Prof. Dr. Herli Pardilla, M.Pd Citation Analysis Google Scholar • Dimensions • OpenAlex • Scilit Indexing DOAJ • ERIHPLUS • CROSSREF • GARUDA • More indexing… This scholarly journal invites contributions throughout the entire year. Submitted manuscripts are evaluated immediately upon arrival. The manuscript template is available for download here. Published manuscripts have followed standard English conventions since Volume 1, Issue 1 (2020). Journal Description INSPIREE: Indonesian Sport Innovation Review functions as a vital channel for the exchange of scholarly knowledge among researchers, academics, and practitioners from diverse global perspectives. The journal aims to disseminate outcomes and conclusions derived from empirical inquiries and methodical scientific assessments that support the progressive development of scientific understanding in physical education, sport science, sport medicine and health, sport management, sports nutrition, and sports history. Submitted manuscripts must be original, unpublished, and not under review elsewhere. We welcome contributions from both domestic and international authors. Download Article Template Submit Manuscript
INSPIRETECH GLOBAL INSIGHT & DPE Universitas Pahlawan
Peak Height Velocity (PHV) and Its Non-Significant Relationship with Physical Performance in Adolescent Soccer Athletes
Section: Original Research Categories: Original Research Keywords: somatic maturation, peak height velocity (PHV), youth soccer performance, biological maturity assessment, physical fitness indicators, agility and speed development The purpose of the study. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between conditional capacities (agility, speed, aerobic capacity, and explosive strength) and somatic maturation—expressed as years from PHV—in a cohort of youth male soccer players. Materials and methods. A quantitative, correlational, and cross-sectional design was employed. Seventeen male soccer players aged 14–15 years participated. Somatic maturation was assessed via anthropometric estimation of PHV. Physical performance was evaluated using the Andersen Test (aerobic capacity), 20 m sprint (linear speed), Illinois Agility Test, and horizontal jump (explosive strength). Tests were administered under standardized conditions across three sessions. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and ANOVA using SPSS software. Results. Descriptive findings indicated substantial variability in maturation (mean PHV = –0.89 ± 1.21 years), despite a homogenous chronological age. Correlation analyses revealed no statistically significant associations between PHV and the measured performance variables (p > .05). The strongest—but still non-significant—trend appeared between PHV and agility (Illinois test; r = –0.319), suggesting that more mature players may demonstrate slightly better change-of-direction ability. Overall, maturation did not directly predict aerobic performance, explosiveness, or speed in this sample. Conclusions. Somatic maturation, expressed through PHV, did not significantly relate to physical performance indicators among the adolescent soccer players studied. The considerable variability in maturation reinforces the need for coaches to consider biological age rather than relying solely on chronological age when interpreting performance, prescribing training loads, and making talent selection decisions. These findings highlight the importance of individualized assessment and developmentally informed training in youth soccer contexts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aldair Jiménez Carrillo, Jesus Leon Lozada-Medina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Association Between Expected Goals (xG) and Goal Scoring Across Club and National Team Competitions in Elite Football
Section: Original Research Categories: Original Research Keywords: expected goals (xg), football performance analysis, offensive performance indicators, goal scoring efficiency, match analytics, elite football competitions The purpose of the study: The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between xG and goals scored in soccer matches. Materials and methods: This study was quantitative, correlational, and longitudinal. 333 league matches were analyzed. The dataset was obtained from Sofascore, a website that offers statistics and results from various sporting events. The hypothesis was put forward that there is a positive correlation between xG and goals scored. The sample consisted of 333 official matches from international competitions, including the 2013/24 Champions League, the 2024 Copa Libertadores, Euro 2024, and the 2024 Copa América. These tournaments were selected due to their significant international relevance. Results: The results of this research confirm the validity of using xG as an indicator for analyzing a team's offensive performance, although its predictive capacity tends to vary depending on the context or competition. In clubs, players have more continuity because they train together, which makes it easier to establish a playing pattern, so this may be a reason for higher xG compared to national team tournaments. Conclusions: The results obtained in this study confirm the relationship between xG and goals scored in football matches, thus establishing it as a valid indicator for measuring offensive performance in football. It was found that in club tournaments, the amount of association, in the Copa Libertadores (r = 0.537) having the best association between the variables, in the Champions League the association was lower (r = 0.403). Meanwhile, in national team tournaments, the values ​​for the Copa América and Euro were (r = 0.475) and (r = 0.479), respectively, where some similarity can be observed in the association of variables, which is attributed to the poor group cohesion and poor tactical fit of the national teams compared to the clubs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Cristian Murillo García https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Long-Term Rugby Player Development: An Integrative Review of Physical, Psychological, and Injury-Prevention Pathways
Section: Review Articles Categories: Review Articles Keywords: long-term athlete development, youth rugby, strength and conditioning, injury prevention, tackle technique, psychosocial skills The purpose of the study. This review synthesizes evidence on long-term rugby player development, emphasizing age-appropriate training, position-specific conditioning, injury prevention, and psychosocial support across developmental stages. Materials and methods. A structured literature review approach was used. Sources were selected to represent (i) long-term athlete development (LTAD) and youth physical development, (ii) rugby-specific strength and conditioning, (iii) injury epidemiology and injury-prevention programmes, and (iv) psychosocial/mental skills needs in collision sports. The manuscript corpus reported 30 included sources (journal articles, books, and web-based governing-body resources). Results. Evidence consistently supports: (1) stage-appropriate progression (fundamental skills → training-to-train → training-to-compete/performance), (2) integrated strength, neuromuscular, and contact-technique development for performance and safety, (3) injury risk being strongly concentrated in contact events (notably tackles), with structured prevention programmes (e.g., Activate) demonstrating meaningful reductions in youth rugby injury outcomes, and (4) psychosocial skills (goal-setting, resilience, stress management) as essential to sustain participation and optimize transitions. Conclusions. Long-term rugby development is best supported through multidisciplinary, stage-sensitive programming that combines physical preparation, technical-tactical learning, injury-risk management, and structured psychosocial support, while explicitly addressing implementation barriers (coach capacity, adherence, and resource inequities).
Copyright (c) 2026 B.M. Gimhan, U.T. Mayakaduwa, A. W. S. Chandana, Daniele Buchanan, Takako Snook https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Game-Based Learning Approach to Enhance Tactical Understanding and Motivation in School Football Physical Education
Section: Original Research Categories: Original Research Keywords: game-based learning, teaching games for understanding, tactical understanding, motivation, physical education, football, Indonesia Background: Traditional football teaching in school physical education often emphasizes technical drills and skill repetition, which can lead to reduced student engagement and limited development of tactical understanding. Game-Based Learning (GBL), particularly through the Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) model, offers an alternative approach that prioritizes tactical awareness and decision-making within authentic game contexts. Purpose: This quasi-experimental study examined the effectiveness of a GBL approach in improving tactical understanding and intrinsic motivation among secondary school students in football physical education classes in Kabupaten Dompu, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia. Methods: Eighty-four students (mean age = 14.6 ± 1.2 years; 52 males, 32 females) from two secondary schools participated in an 8-week intervention (16 sessions, 2×/week). The experimental group (n=42) received GBL-based instruction using modified small-sided games and tactical questioning, while the control group (n=42) followed traditional skill-drill methods. Tactical understanding was assessed using the Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI), and motivation was measured using the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS) adapted for physical education. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests, ANCOVA, and Cohen's d effect sizes. Results: The GBL group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in tactical understanding (decision-making: 42.3%; skill execution: 31.8%; support: 38.5%) compared to the control group (15.2%, 18.4%, 12.7% respectively; all p < 0.001). Regarding motivation, the GBL group showed significant increases in intrinsic motivation (d = 1.24, p < 0.001), identified regulation (d = 0.89, p < 0.001), and decreased amotivation (d = -1.02, p < 0.001), while the control group showed minimal changes. ANCOVA revealed significant between-group differences favoring GBL on all measures (F-values ranging from 32.45 to 58.72, all p < 0.001, partial η² = 0.28-0.42). Conclusions: The GBL approach using TGfU principles significantly enhanced both tactical understanding and autonomous motivation in secondary school football education. These findings support the implementation of game-centered pedagogies in Indonesian physical education contexts and suggest that GBL may address common challenges of student disengagement in traditional skill-focused instruction. Future research should explore long-term retention effects and implementation across diverse cultural and educational settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sandi Ahmad Pratama, Linda Susila, Erika Mc Clintock https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Bibliometric Analysis of Sports Mental Toughness and Sports Self-esteem
Section: Review Articles Categories: Review Articles Keywords: bibliometric analysis, mental toughness, self-esteemed, vosviewer, network visualisation map The purpose of the study. Participate in elite sports requires a well-prepared long term training under fabourable and unfavourable environments, both physically and mentally preparation of an athlete. However, psychological aspects like sports self-esteem and mental toughness are often neglected in sports performance. The present study was conducted to find out whether the trends of two important psychological factors affect the athlete performance or not. Materials and methods. The bibliometric data was collected from the Web of Science database by searching two keywords “sports mental toughness” and “sports self-esteem.” The obtained data was then visualized through VosViewer 1.6.20. The study was conducted from 1991 to 2025. Results. The result showed that there were 2071 and 526 publications on sports self-esteem and sports mental toughness, respectively. The publications were increased with time for both the keywords, indicating growing research interest in particular topics. Conclusions. In order to enhance sports performance in relation to mental toughness and self-esteem, more research should be done nationally, to meet the gap of research study like contant specific understanding, each other influences, and understanding of coach-athletes relationship.
Copyright (c) 2026 Farok Hossen, Prasanta Kumar Das, Mukesh Mitra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Longitudinal Effects of School-Based Physical Activity on BMI, Motor Skill Development, and Sleep Quality in Elementary School Children
Section: Original Research Categories: Original Research Keywords: physical activity, body mass index, motor skills, sleep quality, elementary school children, longitudinal study, health promotion The purpose of the study. Childhood obesity and physical inactivity represent significant public health challenges affecting multiple dimensions of child health and development, including body mass index (BMI), motor competence, and sleep quality. This longitudinal study examined the effects of a 12-week school-based physical activity (PA) intervention on BMI, motor skill development, and sleep quality in elementary school children, with a one-year follow-up assessment. Materials and methods. A controlled longitudinal design was employed with 143 elementary school children (grades 4–5; M = 10.3 years; SD = 0.8; 48% female) recruited from 6 primary schools. The intervention group (n = 73) participated in an enhanced PA program (additional 120 minutes per week of structured physical activity) for 12 weeks, while the control group (n = 70) maintained regular school curriculum. BMI, motor skill performance (50-meter run, jump rope, sit-and-reach, 1-minute sit-ups), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index for children) were assessed at baseline, 12 weeks, and 12 months post-intervention. Results. Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed statistically significant group × time interactions for BMI (F(2, 141) = 18.44, p < 0.001, η² = 0.21), motor skill performance (F(2, 141) = 22.67, p < 0.001, η² = 0.24), and sleep quality (F(2, 141) = 15.32, p < 0.001, η² = 0.18). The intervention group demonstrated a significant BMI reduction (−0.8 kg/m²; p < 0.001), improved motor skills (+19% on composite score; p < 0.001), increased MVPA (+41 minutes/day; p < 0.001), and enhanced sleep quality (+1.8 hours; p = 0.002). Benefits persisted at 12-month follow-up with partial effect maintenance. Conclusions. School-based physical activity interventions of 120 minutes weekly demonstrate significant and sustained positive effects on BMI, motor skill development, and sleep quality in elementary school children. These findings support the implementation of integrated PA programs as an evidence-based strategy for comprehensive child health promotion and obesity prevention.
Copyright (c) 2026 Annemarie Christ, Krysten Rocha, Angela Saccà, Khairul Zikri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Student-Centered Pedagogies in Taekwondo: Redesigning Learning Models in Higher Education
Section: Original Research Categories: Original Research Keywords: student-centered learning, taekwondo pedagogy, physical education, higher education, autonomy support, martial arts instruction, self-efficacy Introduction: Traditional instructor-centered approaches in martial arts education often limit student autonomy and critical thinking development. This study examined the implementation of student-centered pedagogies in Taekwondo instruction within higher education settings. Purpose of the Study: To evaluate the effectiveness of student-centered learning models compared to traditional teaching methods in developing technical proficiency, tactical knowledge, self-efficacy, and autonomous learning behaviors among physical education students enrolled in Taekwondo courses. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental pre-post design was employed with 64 physical education students at Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Indonesia. Participants were divided into experimental (n=32, student-centered pedagogy) and control groups (n=32, traditional instruction). The intervention spanned 14 weeks (28 sessions). Measurements included technical skill assessments, tactical knowledge tests, self-efficacy scales, and autonomous learning questionnaires. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests, independent t-tests, and ANCOVA (p<0.05) via SPSS version 26.0. Results: The student-centered group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in technical proficiency (d=1.24, p<0.001), tactical knowledge (d=1.46, p<0.001), self-efficacy (d=1.38, p<0.001), and autonomous learning behaviors (d=1.52, p<0.001) compared to the control group. Post-intervention between-group comparisons revealed substantial differences favoring the experimental approach across all measured variables. Conclusions: Student-centered pedagogies significantly enhance learning outcomes in Taekwondo education beyond traditional methods. Implementing autonomy-supportive, inquiry-based, and collaborative learning strategies promotes deeper engagement, skill development, and self-regulated learning capacities. These findings advocate for pedagogical reform in martial arts instruction within higher education contexts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Atika Swandana, Aditya Trinanda, Edwin Wahyu Dirgantoro, Muhammad Reza Destya, Nadhira Yasmine Ahmad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Whistles, Words, and Willpower: How Coach Etiquette Relates to Intrinsic and Extrinsic Sport Motivation among Collegiate Softball And Baseball Athletes
Section: Original Research Categories: Original Research Keywords: coach etiquette, coach-athlete relationship, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, softball, baseball, self-determination theory The purpose of the study. This study examined whether perceived coach etiquette predicts intrinsic and extrinsic sport motivation among collegiate softball and baseball athletes in a selected Philippine university. Materials and methods. A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional (non-experimental) design was employed. Forty-five varsity athletes (softball n=23; baseball n=22; female n=23; male n=22) completed a survey packet consisting of (a) a modified Perceived Coach Attitudes and Behaviors Scale (PCABS; 28 items; 4-point response format) to capture coach etiquette-related behaviors and (b) the Sport Motivation Scale-II construct coverage (23 items; 4-point response format) to capture athletes’ motivational regulations. Descriptive statistics summarized perceived etiquette and motivation. Linear regression tested the hypothesized predictive effect of coach etiquette on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation (α=0.05). Results. Athletes perceived coaches’ etiquette as a moderate degree of respect (overall M=3.03). Athletes reported strong sport motivation (overall M=3.69). Regression analyses indicated that coach etiquette did not significantly predict intrinsic motivation (t=0.846, p=0.4023) or extrinsic motivation (t=1.33, p=0.2636). Conclusions. Coach etiquette was positively perceived but did not significantly explain intrinsic or extrinsic motivation in this cohort. Future work should include autonomy-supportive coaching, motivational climate, and psychological need satisfaction as potential mediators/moderators.
Copyright (c) 2026 Olivia Dimatulac, Ronald Librando, Jojielyn Lim, Jasper Obanon, Lloyd Neo Oalog, Rhea Mae Oblima https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Phase-of-Play Performance Profiles in Elite Women’s Futsal: Evidence from the FIFA Women’s Futsal World Cup 2025
Section: Original Research Categories: Original Research Keywords: women’s futsal, performance analysis, FIFA Women’s Futsal World Cup The purpose of the study. The purpose of this study was to analyze performance characteristics associated with in-possession, out-of-possession, and transition phases during the FIFA Women’s Futsal World Cup 2025. As the inaugural edition of this global tournament, the study aimed to establish baseline phase-of-play performance profiles at the highest level of women’s futsal competition. Materials and methods. A descriptive quantitative research design using a notational performance analysis approach was employed. The sample consisted of 64 team performances derived from all 32 matches of the FIFA Women’s Futsal World Cup 2025. Performance data were obtained from official match summary reports released by the tournament organizers. Performance indicators were categorized according to phases of play, including in-possession, out-of-possession, and transition actions. Descriptive statistics, including total counts, mean values with standard deviations, and relative frequencies, were calculated using SPSS statistical software. Results. Out-of-possession actions accounted for the largest proportion of total team actions (50.8%), followed by in-possession actions (41.0%), while transition actions represented a smaller share (8.2%). In-possession performance was dominated by set plays, which accounted for 55.3% of actions within the phase, indicating a strong reliance on structured offensive situations. Out-of-possession behaviors were primarily characterized by mid-block and low-block defensive organization, reflecting an emphasis on compact defensive structures. Transition phases were mainly composed of recovery and defensive transition actions, highlighting the importance of reorganization following possession changes. Conclusions. Performance at the FIFA Women’s Futsal World Cup 2025 was characterized by a high volume of out-of-possession activity, structured in-possession behaviors dominated by set plays, and transition phases focused primarily on recovery and defensive reorganization. These findings provide the first phase-of-play performance benchmarks at the world championship level in women’s futsal and offer valuable reference values for coaches, performance analysts, and researchers preparing for future international competitions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nufi Saidatus Tsaniyah, Achmad Widodo, Irmantara Subagio, Heri Wahyudi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Mapping Basketball Research in Physical Education and Sport Sciences: A Systematic Literature Review
Section: Review Articles Categories: Review Articles Keywords: physical education, sport sciences, bibliometric analysis, systematic literature review, pedagogy, technology-supported learning The purpose of the study. This study aimed to systematically map the development, thematic orientation, and methodological evolution of basketball research within physical education and sport sciences during 2015–2025, while identifying research gaps and future directions. Materials and methods. A PRISMA-guided systematic literature review was conducted using searches across Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, ERIC, SPORTDiscus, Google Scholar, and selected Indonesian university repositories (January 2015–December 2025). Eligibility criteria prioritized peer-reviewed articles and high-quality theses with clear methodologies and explicit educational/pedagogical relevance. Data were extracted using a standardized form (e.g., context, participants, design, theoretical framing, thematic focus, and key findings). Quantitative synthesis used bibliometric analysis and VOSviewer network mapping, while qualitative synthesis applied content analysis (deductive–inductive coding). Findings were integrated through a convergent mixed synthesis approach. Results. The search identified 8,764 records; after duplicate removal, 6,412 records were screened. A total of 1,247 studies were included for bibliometric analysis, and 89 studies met criteria for in-depth qualitative synthesis. Quantitative designs dominated (64.2%), followed by qualitative (17.6%), mixed methods (16.9%), and review-based studies (1.3%). The synthesis revealed six major thematic clusters: technical skill development, pedagogical innovation, biomechanical performance analysis, psychological factors, technology-based learning, and program evaluation/assessment. Overall trends indicate a shift from performance-focused traditions toward learner-centered, evidence-based, technology-supported, and context-sensitive research, including notable contributions from Indonesia (8.9% of included studies). Conclusions. Basketball research in physical education and sport sciences expanded substantially from 2015–2025 and matured into a more holistic and methodologically plural field. Future research should strengthen cross-cultural representation, refine standardized outcome measures, and increase implementation-focused studies that account for contextual constraints (e.g., resources, teacher capacity, and cultural norms).
Copyright (c) 2026 Imanuddin Siregar, Joko Priono, Arief Rahman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0