INSPIREE: Indonesian Sport Innovation Review
INSPIREE: Indonesian Sport Innovation Review Journal Information • Indexing • Publication Schedule • Citation Profiles Core Topics Physical education • Sport science • Sport medicine and health • Sport management • Sports nutrition • Sports history Accepted Article Types Original research • Systematic reviews • Meta-analyses • Theoretical papers • Methodological studies • Community Service Article Journal title INSPIREE: Indonesian Sport Innovation Review Cover Subject Physical education • Sport science • Sport medicine and health • Sport management • Sports nutrition • Sports history Abbreviation INSPIREE JOURNAL Publisher INSPIRETECH GLOBAL INSIGHT & DPE Universitas Pahlawan Language Indonesia | English (Prefered) Frequency 3 issues/year: January 27 | May 27 | September 27 DOI Prefix 10.53905/inspiree by Crossref Online ISSN 2746-6965 (Online) | 2774-2520 (Print) Chief Editor Assoc. Prof. Dr. Herli Pardilla Citation Analysis Google Scholar | Dimensions | OpenAlex | Scilit Indexing DOAJ | ERIHPLUS | CROSSREF | GARUDA More indexing.. This scholarly journal invites contributions throughout the entire year. Submitted manuscripts are evaluated immediately upon arrival. The manuscript template is available for download here. Published manuscripts have followed standard English conventions since Volume 1, Issue 1 (2020). Journal Description INSPIREE: Indonesian Sport Innovation Review functions as a vital channel for the exchange of scholarly knowledge among researchers, academics, and practitioners from diverse global perspectives. The journal aims to disseminate outcomes and conclusions derived from empirical inquiries and methodical scientific assessments that support the progressive development of scientific understanding in physical education, sport science, sport medicine and health, sport management, sports nutrition, and sports history. Submitted manuscripts must be original, unpublished, and not under review elsewhere. We welcome contributions from both domestic and international authors. Download Article TemplateSubmit Manuscript
INSPIRETECH GLOBAL INSIGHT & DPE Universitas Pahlawan
The Impact of Structured Aerobic Exercise on Sleep Quality and Emotional Regulation Capacity: A Systematic Literature Review
Section: Review Articles Categories: Review Articles Keywords: aerobic exercise, sleep quality, emotional regulation, non-pharmacological intervention, mental health The purpose of the study. This systematic literature review aims to analyze and synthesize the evidence on the effects of structured aerobic exercise on sleep quality and emotional regulation capacity in healthy adults and clinical populations. Materials and methods. A comprehensive electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, covering publications from January 2015 to December 2024. Studies were selected based on pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, focusing on peer-reviewed articles that investigated structured aerobic exercise interventions and reported sleep quality outcomes (assessed via Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI) and/or emotional regulation outcomes (assessed via the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, ERQ). Data extraction and quality appraisal followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Results. A total of 12 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final synthesis. Structured aerobic exercise with a frequency of 3–5 sessions per week, 30–60 minutes per session, and moderate-to-vigorous intensity demonstrated significant improvements in sleep efficiency, reduction in sleep latency, and enhancement of slow-wave sleep duration. Concurrently, consistent aerobic training improved cognitive reappraisal strategies and reduced emotional suppression, mediated by increased prefrontal cortex activity and elevated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. Conclusions. Structured aerobic exercise exerts dual benefits on psychophysiological health by improving both sleep quality and emotional regulation through neurobiological and psychoneuroendocrine mechanisms. It is recommended as a viable non-pharmacological intervention in clinical and community health settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Rodiah, Raihan Veryadi, Adam Khalifah Pujiantoro, M. Arif Setiawan, Zaky Mubarak https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Movement Biomechanics and Injury Prevention in Soccer: A Review of Cutting, Landing, and Deceleration Tasks
Section: Review Articles Categories: Review Articles Keywords: soccer biomechanics, injury prevention, cutting mechanics, landing kinematics, deceleration, ACL injury, neuromuscular training The purpose of the study. This systematic review aimed to synthesize current evidence on the biomechanical characteristics of three high-risk movement tasks in soccer—cutting maneuvers, landing mechanics, and deceleration patterns—and to evaluate their roles in the etiology of lower extremity injuries, particularly anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures, hamstring strains, and ankle sprains. Additionally, the review identified modifiable biomechanical risk factors and examined the effectiveness of injury prevention programs (IPPs) in altering harmful movement patterns across different competitive levels and age groups. Materials and methods. A comprehensive systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library) were searched from inception to December 2024. Eligible studies included peer-reviewed research involving soccer players aged ≥13 years, utilizing quantitative biomechanical assessments (e.g., 3D motion capture, force plates, EMG), and reporting outcomes related to injury risk or prevention. Study selection was independently performed by two reviewers, with methodological quality assessed using the Downs and Black checklist and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. A total of 68 studies (n = 4,312 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Results. Findings revealed consistent biomechanical patterns associated with increased injury risk. In cutting tasks, excessive knee valgus (>10°) and reduced hip abductor activation were present in 81% of high-risk cases. Landing analyses showed that stiff landing strategies, characterized by high ground reaction forces (>3.2 body weight) and limited knee flexion (<30°), increased ACL loading by 42–68%. In deceleration tasks, posterior trunk lean, low hamstring-to-quadriceps strength ratios (<0.6), and anterior foot placement relative to the center of mass were dominant risk factors. Injury prevention programs incorporating neuromuscular training, plyometrics, and technique feedback significantly reduced injury incidence (RR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.38–0.68, p < 0.001). Conclusions. In conclusion, soccer-specific cutting, landing, and deceleration movements are strongly associated with non-contact lower extremity injuries. Targeted neuromuscular training focusing on knee valgus control, improved landing mechanics, and hamstring strengthening is effective in reducing injury risk. Future studies should explore fatigue-related biomechanical changes and enhance early screening strategies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mahmuddin, Dara Latifah, Sangap Parulian kaloko , Nasib Septian Sianturi, Aldo Christian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Sport Pedagogy Approaches for Enhancing Motor Skills and Learning Motivation in Physical Education: A Systematic Literature Review
Section: Review Articles Categories: Review Articles Keywords: sport pedagogy, motor skill learning, learning motivation, Teaching Games for Understanding, constraints-led approach, Sport Education Model Purpose: This systematic literature review aimed to critically examine and synthesize existing empirical evidence on sport pedagogy approaches and their effects on motor skill development and learning motivation in physical education (PE) settings across school-age and early post-secondary populations. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was conducted across ERIC, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases for peer-reviewed studies published between 2015 and 2024. Studies were eligible if they employed experimental or quasi-experimental designs, reported quantitative or mixed-methods outcomes, and examined at least one identifiable sport pedagogy model. The PRISMA 2020 guidelines directed the selection and reporting process. Quality appraisal used the PEDro scale and Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). A total of 63 studies meeting all inclusion criteria were retained. Results: The evidence strongly supports game-centred approaches (Teaching Games for Understanding, Sport Education Model), constraints-led and ecological dynamics frameworks, cooperative learning, and self-regulated learning strategies as effective means of improving both motor proficiency (effect sizes d = 0.41–0.92) and autonomous motivation (d = 0.48–0.89). Integrated models combining tactical, social, and self-determination theory-aligned elements demonstrated the most consistent outcomes across school levels and sport disciplines. Conclusions: Sport pedagogy models that balance motor skill acquisition with motivational climate creation are superior to traditional direct instruction in producing sustained learning outcomes. Practitioners, curriculum designers, and policy-makers should prioritise evidence-based, student-centred pedagogical models in physical education programming.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nono Hardinoto, Amansyah, Bessy Sitorus Pane, Muhammad Reza Destya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Simulation-Based Learning Enhances Sport Massage Competence in Physical Education Students: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Section: Original Research Categories: Original Research Keywords: simulation-based learning, sport massage, physical education students, psychomotor skills, skill acquisition The purpose of the study. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of simulation-based learning (SBL) in improving sport massage competencies among Physical Education students, with particular emphasis on psychomotor skill development and applied performance outcomes. Materials and methods. A quasi-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design was employed. Thirty undergraduate Physical Education students (18 males, 12 females) enrolled in a Sport Massage course participated in the study. The intervention consisted of four simulation-based learning sessions designed to replicate authentic sport massage scenarios. Sport massage competence was assessed using a validated observation rubric covering massage technique, procedure sequence, pressure and rhythm control, and therapeutic communication. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired-sample t-tests, Cohen’s d effect size, and normalized gain (N-Gain) analysis at a significance level of α = .05. Results. The results demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in overall sport massage competence following the SBL intervention (t(29) = −12.46, p < .001). The mean score increased from 68.40 (SD = 6.32) at pretest to 84.27 (SD = 5.41) at posttest, yielding a large effect size (Cohen’s d = 2.28). Component-level analysis revealed significant gains across all assessed skills (p < .001), with the largest improvements observed in pressure and rhythm control and massage technique. The overall N-Gain score was 0.70, indicating high learning effectiveness, with 96.67% of participants achieving moderate-to-high learning gains. Conclusions. Simulation-based learning is a highly effective instructional approach for enhancing sport massage competencies among Physical Education students. By providing realistic, structured, and repetitive practice opportunities, SBL facilitates meaningful psychomotor skill acquisition, improves performance consistency, and supports professional readiness. The integration of simulation-based strategies is strongly recommended for sport massage instruction in higher education physical education programs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alwi Fahruzy Nasution, Retha Foret https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Neuromuscular Responses to Short-Duration Percussive Massage: Effects on Muscle Activation and Lower-Limb Explosive Power in University Teqball Athletes
Section: Original Research Categories: Original Research Keywords: percussive massage, neuromuscular activation, surface electromyography, countermovement jump, post-activation potentiation, Teqball, sports performance The purpose of the study. Percussive massage therapy has emerged as a popular pre-exercise intervention; however, its acute effects on neuromuscular function in hybrid precision sports remain inadequately characterized. This study investigated the acute effects of a 10-minute percussive massage intervention on quadriceps and hamstring muscle activation and lower-limb extensor power in university Teqball athletes. Materials and methods. A single-blind randomized controlled pretest-posttest design was employed involving 20 Teqball athletes (16 males, 4 females; mean age 21.35 ± 1.89 years). Participants were randomly allocated to either a massage intervention group (n = 10) or a passive control group (n = 10). The intervention consisted of bilateral quadriceps and hamstring percussive massage (40–60 Hz, 10 minutes total). Primary outcomes included muscle activation of the vastus lateralis and biceps femoris measured via surface electromyography (sEMG; root mean square amplitude, μV), and lower-limb explosive power assessed through countermovement jump (CMJ) height. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc corrections (α = 0.05). Results. Significant improvements were observed in the massage group for vastus lateralis activation (+28.4%, p = 0.002, Cohen’s d = 1.89), biceps femoris activation (+24.7%, p = 0.008, d = 1.67), and CMJ height (+12.6%, p = 0.001, d = 1.42). No significant changes were observed in the control group (all p > 0.05). Significant Time × Group interaction effects were identified for all outcome measures (all p < 0.01). Conclusions. A 10-minute percussive massage intervention significantly enhances neuromuscular activation and lower-limb explosive power in Teqball athletes, demonstrating large practical effect sizes. These findings support the integration of percussive massage as an effective, non-fatiguing pre-competition warm-up modality in hybrid precision sports.
Copyright (c) 2026 Erwin Zainuddin, Anugrah Riski Tritama, Zahra Zetira, Zalikal Ilham, Muh Arif https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A Performance Metrics–Based Model for Predicting Match Outcomes in the 2023 ICC Cricket World Cup
Section: Original Research Categories: Original Research Keywords: Cricket, 2023 World Cup, Match Outcome Prediction, Logistic Regression, Performance Indicators, Wickets Lost, Boundary Scoring The purpose of the study. To develop and validate a logistic regression model for predicting match outcomes in the 2023 ICC Cricket World Cup using selected in-game performance indicators and to determine the relative contribution of each variable. Materials and methods. Data from 47 matches of the 2023 ICC Men’s Cricket World Cup were analysed (one match decided by the Duckworth-Lewis-Stern method was excluded). Independent variables included Toss outcome, Opening Partnership Score, Runs and Wickets Lost in Powerplay, Total Number of Fours and Sixes, and Total Wickets Lost in an Inning. Binary logistic regression was applied to predict match outcomes (win/loss). Model goodness-of-fit was evaluated using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. Results. Wickets Lost in an Inning was the strongest predictor (OR = 2.324, p < 0.05); each additional wicket lost increased the odds of losing by 132.4%. Each additional four reduced the odds of losing by 13.7% (OR = 0.863). Total sixes and other variables showed weaker or non-significant effects. Toss outcome and Opening Partnership Score were not statistically significant predictors. The final model demonstrated good fit (Hosmer-Lemeshow test, p > 0.05) and acceptable predictive accuracy. Conclusions. Preserving wickets throughout the innings and maximising boundary scoring (especially fours) are the most critical factors influencing match outcomes in the 2023 ICC Cricket World Cup. The developed logistic regression model offers a reliable tool for performance analysis and strategic decision-making in limited-overs cricket.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ajay Kumar, Anurodh Sisodia, Yogesh Chander https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Development of a Modified BSPT-Based Shooting Skill Test Instrument for Basketball Players Aged 16–18 Years
Section: Original Research Categories: Original Research Keywords: basketball, shooting skill, test instrument development, BSPT modification, youth athletes, ADDIE model, performance assessment The purpose of the study. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the feasibility of a basketball shooting skill test instrument specifically designed for male players aged 16–18 years, based on a modified Basketball Skill Performance Test (BSPT) framework. The primary objective was to produce a standardized, content-valid, and practically applicable assessment tool capable of objectively measuring three distinct shooting competencies: free throw, three-point shooting, and right–left lay-up execution. Materials and methods. A developmental research design was adopted, guided by the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) model. Content validity was assessed through a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) involving two accredited sport science experts and one licensed basketball coach. The instrument was subjected to a small-scale field trial (n = 10) and subsequently refined prior to a large-scale field test (n = 30), involving male basketball club players aged 16–18 years selected via purposive sampling. Each test component was administered under standardized conditions using consistent equipment. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, encompassing mean (M), standard deviation (SD), minimum and maximum scores, as well as frequency and percentage distributions based on a five-scale performance rubric. Results. The free throw test yielded a moderate mean performance score (M = 5.43; SD = 1.96), indicating stable shooting consistency with moderate variability. The three-point shooting test produced the lowest mean score (M = 2.50; SD = 2.39), reflecting significantly greater task difficulty and wider inter-individual variability in long-range shooting accuracy. The right–left lay-up test demonstrated the highest mean score (M = 7.80; SD = 1.83), reflecting well-developed bilateral finishing skills. Score distributions across all components were free from floor and ceiling effects, confirming adequate discriminative ability at each performance level. Conclusions. The developed basketball shooting skill test instrument is content-valid, practically feasible, and contextually appropriate for the systematic evaluation of shooting skills in basketball players aged 16–18 years. The instrument provides balanced difficulty gradients across shooting components, enabling objective, multi-dimensional performance assessment in both training and competitive development settings. Its adoption is recommended for coaches and sport science practitioners engaged in youth basketball athlete monitoring and development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fina Luluk Chumaidah, Himawan Wismanadi, Achmad Widodo, Irmantara Subagio https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Development and Validation of a VO₂max-Based Standard for Talent Identification in Adolescent Competitive Swimmers
Section: Original Research Categories: Original Research Keywords: VO₂max, talent identification, adolescent swimmers, ADDIE model, aerobic capacity, swimming-specific fitness testing The purpose of the study. This study aimed to develop and validate a VO₂max-based eligibility standard to serve as an objective physiological benchmark for talent identification and selection of adolescent competitive swimmers in Age Group 2 (KU 2, ages 13–15 years) within the Indonesian national training system. Materials and methods. A Research and Development (R&D) design was employed, guided by the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). Eight elite national swimmers (four male, four female; mean age 14.5 ± 0.5 years) from the National Potential Young Athlete Training Center (SLOMPN) in Cibubur, East Jakarta, were recruited. Two swimming-specific field test protocols were administered: (1) the Aerobic Swim VO₂max Test 15 Minutes (modified Balke protocol) and (2) the Cooper Swimming Test 12 Minutes. Descriptive statistics, protocol comparison, and cut-off score determination were applied to empirical data.. Results. The 15-minute Balke modified protocol demonstrated superior ecological validity in capturing steady-state aerobic capacity relative to the 12-minute Cooper test. Mean VO₂max values for male athletes were 55.25 ± 0.50 mL/kg/min (12-min) and 58.25 ± 0.50 mL/kg/min (15-min), yielding a composite mean of 56.75 mL/kg/min. Female athletes recorded 45.00 ± 0.00 mL/kg/min (12-min) and 47.75 ± 0.50 mL/kg/min (15-min), with a composite mean of 46.38 mL/kg/min. VO₂max eligibility thresholds for the Superior performance category were established at ≥ 56.7 mL/kg/min for males and ≥ 46.3 mL/kg/min for females. Conclusions. The developed VO₂max standards provide a scientifically grounded, sex-specific, and ecologically valid framework for talent identification in adolescent competitive swimmers. Implementation of these thresholds is recommended across national and regional training centers to minimize subjective selection bias and ensure athletes' physiological readiness for high-performance competition. Future research should expand the normative sample and incorporate direct gas analysis cross-validation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mohammad Noval Baghaskara, Achmad Widodo , Abdul Aziz Hakim , Irmantara Subagio https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Goal-Scoring Patterns in Elite Asian Youth Football: Evidence from the AFC U-17 and U-20 Asian Cups 2025
Section: Original Research Categories: Original Research Keywords: goal-scoring patterns, open play, set plays, youth football, AFC competitions The purpose of the study. This study aimed to analyze the contribution of set plays and open play to goal-scoring outcomes in elite Asian youth football by examining goal-scoring patterns in the AFC U-17 Asian Cup 2025 and AFC U-20 Asian Cup 2025, with particular attention to differences across age categories within the AFC youth competition context. Materials and methods. A descriptive observational research design was employed using systematic notational analysis. All goals scored in the AFC U-17 Asian Cup 2025 (n = 101) and the AFC U-20 Asian Cup 2025 (n = 93), resulting in a total of 194 goals, were included in the analysis. Each goal was classified based on the phase of play preceding the scoring action (open play or set play) and further categorized according to the final attacking action leading to the goal. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequencies and percentages, to identify dominant goal-scoring patterns across tournaments and age groups. Results. The findings indicated that open play was the primary source of goals, accounting for 73.71% of total goals scored across both tournaments, while set plays contributed 26.29%. In the AFC U-17 Asian Cup 2025, penalties constituted the highest proportion of set-play goals, whereas in the AFC U-20 Asian Cup, corner kicks were the most frequent set-play source. Analysis of open-play goals revealed that crosses and forward passes were the most common attacking actions leading to goals in both tournaments. A more balanced distribution of attacking actions was observed at the U-20 level, suggesting greater tactical variability compared to the U-17 competition. Conclusions. Open play represents the dominant mechanism of goal production in elite Asian youth football. Nevertheless, set plays remain a significant contributor to goal scoring, particularly at the U-17 level. The observed differences between age categories highlight age-related variations in tactical execution and goal-scoring patterns within AFC youth competitions, underscoring the importance of age-specific training and tactical preparation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Wisnu Arda Gutawa, Gigih Siantoro, Achmad Widodo, Irmantara Subagio, Himawan Wismanadi, Heri Wahyudi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Balancing State Regulation and Sports Autonomy: Legal Implications of Indonesia’s Ministerial Regulation No. 14 of 2024
Section: Original Research Categories: Original Research Keywords: sports governance, organizational autonomy, socio-legal research, sports law, indonesia, ministerial regulation, regulatory hierarchy The purpose of the study. This study aims to examine the legal position and governance implications of the Minister of Youth and Sports Regulation Number 14 of 2024 within the Indonesian sports regulatory framework, with particular emphasis on the balance between regulatory standardization and organizational autonomy in achievement sports. The research seeks to assess the consistency of the regulation with higher-ranking national legislation and international sports governance principles, especially those embodied in lex sportiva and the Olympic Charter. Materials and methods. The study employs a qualitative normative–empirical approach. Normative analysis is conducted on primary legal materials, including Law Number 11 of 2022 on Sports, Government Regulation Number 46 of 2024, and the Ministerial Regulation Number 14 of 2024, supported by secondary legal sources and international sports governance instruments. Empirical data are collected through interviews and focus group discussions involving purposively selected stakeholders, including provincial sports organization administrators, sports law scholars, and sports governance practitioners. Data are analyzed using normative legal interpretation and thematic analysis, with triangulation applied to enhance analytical credibility. Results. The findings indicate that the ministerial regulation introduces administrative mechanisms that extend into internal organizational domains, such as leadership selection and organizational congresses, which are normatively protected under national sports law. Normative analysis reveals inconsistencies within the regulatory hierarchy, particularly regarding delegated authority and organizational autonomy. Empirical findings demonstrate that stakeholders perceive these regulatory mechanisms as reducing flexibility, generating interpretative ambiguity, and affecting governance stability. The integration of normative and empirical results shows a convergence between legal inconsistencies and practical uncertainty in sports governance. Conclusions. The study concludes that the governance of achievement sports in Indonesia is characterized by structural tension between regulatory standardization and organizational autonomy. While organizational autonomy is formally recognized within the national legal framework, it is subject to practical limitations arising from subordinate regulatory intervention. Regulatory incoherence not only undermines legal certainty but also affects institutional confidence and long-term governance sustainability. The findings underscore the need for regulatory approaches that respect hierarchical legal norms and international sports governance principles while preserving the operational autonomy essential for effective and sustainable sports governance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kasianus Joseph Junior Fenanlampir, Irmantara Subagio, Arinto Nugroho, Fatkur Rohman Kafrawi, Noortje Anita Kumaat, Achmad Widodo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Psychological well-being of sports managers: differences between experienced and future managers and the influence of gender, age, and family status
Section: Original Research Categories: Original Research Keywords: sports management, psychological well-being, sports managers, gender differences, eudaimonic well-being, life satisfaction The purpose of the study. The study had two main aims: to compare the psychological well-being in experienced sports managers and future managers, and to examine how age, gender, marital status, and parental status are influencing the perceived well-being among experienced sports managers. Materials and methods. Sixty-one participants took part in the research, aged between 21 and 60 years, 40 male and 21 female managers (in the entire sample), of which 28 experienced sports managers (with a mean of 7.57 years in a managerial position) and 33 future sports managers. The Well-Being Assessment (Adult – 24 items) was used to measure eight facets of psychological well-being. Results. After independent t-test was performed, significant differences were found for Life Satisfaction and Life Evaluation (p = 0.024), respectively for Financial Evaluation and Stability (p < 0.001) between the two groups of managers, with experienced sports managers reporting higher scores. A series of Mann–Whitney (U) tests were conducted among experienced sports managers, to verify how gender, age, marital status and parental status are influencing managers’ psychological well-being. Conclusions. Female sports managers scored higher than experienced male managers for Character and Caring, and regarding the Financial Evaluation and Stability facet of well-being. Marital and parental status showed only subtle, non-significant trends in specific domains such as Life Satisfaction and Life Evaluation, Financial Evaluation and Stability, respectively Meaning and Purpose, while the younger group of sports managers reported higher scores on Character and Caring.
Copyright (c) 2026 Radu Predoiu, Luca Mihai Grozav, Gabriela Szabo, Mihai Ciolacu, Andrzej Piotrowski, Davide de Gennaro, Răzvan Marian Bucătaru https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0